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Alfred Gabriel Nathorst (November 7, 1850 – January 20, 1921) was a Swedish Arctic explorer, geologist and palaeobotanist. Nathorst was born in Väderbrunn outside Nyköping〔Bergshammar, (D), C:4, s. 166〕 and died in Stockholm. ==Biography== He was born on November 7, 1850. Nathorst’s interest in geology was awoken by Charles Lyell’s ‘’Principles of Geology‘’ and, at the age of 21, Nathorst visited Lyell in England in 1872.〔(Seward, A. C. (1921) Alfred Gabriel Nathorst. Botanical Gazette 71 (6): 462-465. )〕 Nathorst was employed at the Geological Survey of Sweden in 1873-84. He was then appointed professor, by royal decree of the 5th of December 1884, and was simultaneously made curator of the new “Department of Archegoniates and Fossil Plants" at the Swedish Museum of Natural History. He remained on the post until his retirement in 1917. Nathorst visited Spitsbergen in 1870 and participated in 1882-83 in the ''2nd Dickson Expedition'' ("Den andra Dicksonska Expeditionen till Grönland") led by Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld. He led an expedition on the ship ''Antarctic'' to Bear Island and Svalbard including the isolated Kong Karls Land in 1898. The following year (1899), Nathorst led an expedition to Greenland. This second expedition had as the dual purpose of geographical mapping and of searching for survivors of S. A. Andrée's Arctic balloon expedition of 1897. The Andreé expedition was not found, however. The two expeditions are described in two volumes "Två somrar i Norra Ishavet" (in Swedish). Starting with macrofossil deposited in glacial clay found in Scania in 1871, Nathorst investigated postglacial development in flora and vegetation. He also researched on plant remains from older geological eras, such as palaeozoic and mesozoic from the Arctic and tertiary from Japan. These investigations made himan internationally acknowledged authority on palaeobotany. palaebotanical. Nathorst had a scientific dispute with Eugen Warming over the history of the flora of Greenland. Warming adhered to the hypothesis that part of the flora had survived the last glaciation〔Warming, E. (1888) Über Grönlands Vegetation. Englers Botanische Jahrbücher, 10.〕 - the nunatak hypothesis, while Nathorst advocated the view that the entire flora had immigrated anew after the glaciation〔Nathorst, A. G. (1892) Kritische Bemerkungen über die Geschichte der Vegetation Grönlands. Englers Botanische Jahrbücher, 14: 183-221.〕〔Warming, E. (1891) Geschichte der Flora Grönlands: Antikritische Bemerkungen zu A.G. Nathorsts Aufsatz. Englers Botanische Jahrbücher, 14.〕 - the tabula rasa hypothesis. Disputes with similar antitheses have later been repeated for other areas by other combatants. He was elected member of a large number of learned societies, including the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences (1885). He died on January 20, 1921. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Alfred Gabriel Nathorst」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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